Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for storing blockchain data. One of the methods includes receiving a plurality of blocks from a blockchain node in the blockchain network; for each of the plurality of blocks: determining a first number of blockchain nodes that store a dataset divided from an error correction coding (ECC) encoded version of the block and a second number of blockchain nodes that store a dataset comprised of redundant bits divided from the ECC encoded version of the block; calculating a priority value of the block based on the first number and the second number; and encoding at least a portion of the plurality of blocks using ECC to generate a plurality of encoded blocks based on the priority value.