An example system is configured to manage the storage of water underground using a sensor-based grid system. The example system includes wells, each of which is between a surface and an underground formation capable of storing water received from the surface. The example system includes pumps, at least of which is associated with each well to force water from the surface, through the well, into the underground formation. The example system includes sensors, at least of which is associated with each well. The sensors are configured to communicate sensor data wirelessly. The example system also includes a computing system configured to receive sensor data from each of the sensors and to control operations of one or more of the pumps based on the sensor data.