Various embodiments provide a method and an apparatus for calculating ranging information by a terminal in a wireless communication system. Specifically, disclosed are a method and an apparatus for calculating ranging information by a terminal, the method comprising the steps of: determining a resource region corresponding to geographic information of the terminal, on the basis of ranging resource information of a resource region set for each piece of geographic information, and transmitting a ranging signal for calculating ranging information in the determined resource region; receiving, from a road side unit (RSU) which has received the ranging signal, a response signal including information that is used as a basis for calculation of the ranging information; and calculating ranging information that is information on a distance to the RSU, on the basis of the response signal.