A road matching based positioning method includes obtaining coordinates of a current location after a positioning request of an application is received, searching a database for data of segments near the current location, determining a segment crosspoint based on start point coordinates and end point coordinates of the segments and respective attributes of the segments, and obtaining coordinates of the segment crosspoint, and performing road matching using a positioning point and a road network topology to obtain coordinates of the positioning point after correction, and sending the coordinates of the positioning point after correction to the application that presents the coordinates to a user. The road network topology can be reconstructed at an operating system layer by using simplified segment data, and a high-precision positioning service is implemented through road matching.