Systems and methods for improved paging are described. In one embodiment, a method is described, comprising: providing a combined database in a heterogeneous radio access network at a coordinating gateway between a plurality of radio access network nodes and a plurality of core network nodes; at the coordinating gateway, storing a first location of a user device in the combined database in association with a user device identifier and based on receiving a first user device registration request at a first radio access network; at the coordinating gateway, storing a second location of the user device in the combined database in association with the user device identifier and based on receiving a second user device registration request at a second radio access network; and querying the combined database for a last known location of the user device across both the first and the second radio access network.