According to one embodiment, an electrode structure is provided. The electrode structure includes an electrode and a separator. The electrode includes an active material-containing layer. The active material-containing layer contains active material particles. The separator includes a layer of organic fibers and inorganic solid particles. The layer of organic fibers is on the active material containing layer. The inorganic solid particles are on the layer of organic fibers. The inorganic solid particles are disposed so as to be biased to a surface side opposite to an electrode side of the separator.