In one aspect, a method is disclosed for adjusting a seed depth associated with depositing a seed within a furrow in a field during a planting operation of an agricultural implement. The method may include sensing, by a computing device, a seed depth parameter indicative of a seed depth of the seed relative to a ground surface of the field; comparing, by the computing device, the seed depth parameter to a target seed depth parameter, the target seed depth parameter describing a target seed depth; and initiating, by the computing device, a control action configured to adjust the seed depth parameter towards the target seed depth parameter.