The present application relates to a porous material and preparation methods thereof, and anodes and devices including the same. The porous material provided by the present application includes a material of the formula SiaMbOx, wherein the ratio of x to a is about 0.6 to about 1.5, and the ratio of a to b is about 8 to about 10,000, wherein M includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, P, Mg, Ti and Zr. The anode and an electrochemical device including the porous material exhibit higher rate performance, higher first coulombic efficiency, higher cycle stability and lower cycle expansion ratio.