The present invention relates to methods for predicting acute severe colitis treatment response. Currently, there is no biomarker of drug response. The present invention provides the first prediction tool for responses to first- and second-line treatments in acute severe ulcerative colitis. Putative mRNA targets of dysregulated microRNAs were identified from patient biopsies. One classifier of fifteen colonic microRNAs plus five biological values at admission were identified with a prediction accuracy of 96.6% for discriminating responders from non-responders to steroids. Using a similar method, 6 and 4 mucosal microRNA-based algorithms were identified to classify responders from non-responders to infliximab and cyclosporine. In particular, the present invention relates to methods for predicting acute severe colitis treatment response by measuring the expression levels of several miRNAs selected from the group consisting of hp_hsa-mir-3934, hp_hsa-mir-100, hsa-miR-718, hp_hsa-mir-193b, hsa-miR-3150a-5p, hp_hsa-mir-1260b, hsa-miR-938, hsa-miR-518b and hsa-miR-1468.