In aspects of gesture detection based on device form factor, a device includes gesture detection algorithms from which gestures are detectable based on device configurations. The device implements a gesture module to determine a form factor of the device as one of the device configurations, and select a gesture detection algorithm that corresponds to the form factor. The gesture module then utilizes the selected gesture detection algorithm to detect a gesture performed by a user holding the device in the device form factor. Additionally, the gesture module can determine a change in the device form factor. The gesture module can then replace the gesture detection algorithm with a different gesture detection algorithm, or replace parameter values in the gesture detection algorithm with respective updated parameter values, which are then usable to detect another instance of the gesture performed by the user holding the device in the changed form factor.