Provided is random access method, performed by terminal for uplink data transmission during random access process between cellular based machine communication terminal and base station. The method includes performing random access process between cellular based machine communication terminal and base station, and the random access process includes selecting random access resource by considering coverage level and whether to support multi-tone transmission or not. Terminal can perform efficient random access process in response to coverage level, subcarrier spacing configuration, multi-tone configuration when machine communication terminal or machine communication device which operates in cellular based IoT system perform random access, number of repetition may be increased, when coverage level is changed, by minimizing the change in coverage level, and operation time of the terminal, due to standing by up to PRACH resource corresponding to the coverage level, may be reduced to reduce energy consumption and to enhance delay time performance.