The present disclosure provides a pilot mapping method, a pilot signal transmission method and apparatus, a base station and a terminal. In each PRB of one PRB group, the positions at which a pilot of each antenna port is mapped to resource elements (RE) in the PRB is determined according to an antenna port index and an index of the PRB in the PRB group or the whole system bandwidth, so that support is provided for implementation of power borrowing, so as to make full use of transmit power of a base station end, improve the coverage range of the pilot signal and channel estimation quality of a reception end.