A soybean cultivar designated 2505838 is disclosed. Embodiments include the seeds of soybean 2505838, the plants of soybean 2505838, to plant parts of soybean 2505838, and methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing soybean 2505838 with itself or with another soybean variety. Embodiments include methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more genes or transgenes and the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. Embodiments also relate to soybean cultivars, breeding cultivars, plant parts, and cells derived from soybean 2505838, methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines or plant parts derived from soybean 2505838, and the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. Embodiments further include hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing 2505838 with another soybean cultivar.