Piezoelectric element, vibrator, vibration wave motor, optical apparatus, and electronic apparatus
Abstract:
A piezoelectric element includes a piezoelectric material layer and an electrode layer, wherein the piezoelectric material layer and the electrode layer are stacked on top of each other, the piezoelectric material layer includes a barium titanate-based material, and two coercive fields Ec1 and Ec2 of the piezoelectric element have the same sign and satisfy (|Ec2|−|Ec1|)≥8 kV/cm.
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