An uplink reference signal transmission method is disclosed. User equipment receives first configuration information of a first uplink measurement reference signal and second configuration information of a second uplink measurement reference signal from a wireless network device. The first configuration information is used to configure a time-frequency resource of the first uplink measurement reference signal, and the second configuration information is used to configure a time-frequency resource of the second uplink measurement reference signal. The first uplink measurement reference signal is a zero-power uplink measurement reference signal, and the second uplink measurement reference signal is a non-zero-power uplink measurement reference signal. The user equipment sends, based on the first configuration information and the second configuration information, the second uplink measurement reference signal on a time-frequency resource, other than the time-frequency resource of the first uplink measurement reference signal, in the time-frequency resource of the second uplink measurement reference signal.