A data operation method and a data management server, where the method includes obtaining an identifier of a tenant and a data operation request for requesting to perform a data operation on data of the tenant, and the data operation request includes a first table name corresponding to the data, determining, according to the identifier and the first table name, a second table name of a data table corresponding to the data and in a first database, where the first database is for storing respective data tables of multiple tenants, the data table of each tenant corresponds to an identifier of each tenant, and the tenant is one of the multiple tenants, replacing the first table name in a first structured query language (SQL) corresponding to the data operation request with the second table name, and requesting the first database to execute the first SQL obtained after the replacement.