An abrasion-resistant steel plate comprises: a specific chemical composition; and a microstructure in which a volume fraction of martensite at a depth of 1 mm from a surface of the abrasion-resistant steel plate is 90% or more, and a prior austenite grain size in a plate thickness central part at the mid-thickness of the abrasion-resistant steel plate is 80 μm or less, wherein hardness at a depth of 1 mm from the surface of the abrasion-resistant steel plate is 460 to 590 HBW 10/3000 in Brinell hardness, and a concentration [Mn] of Mn in mass % and a concentration [P] of P in mass % in a plate thickness central segregation area satisfy 0.04[Mn]+[P]