A heat exchanger has a turbulating insert arranged between a pair of plates. The turbulating insert is permeable to fluid flow in both a high-pressure-drop direction and a low-pressure drop direction. One portion of the turbulating insert has the high-pressure-drop direction oriented at a non-zero angle to the high-pressure-drop direction of another portion. A method of making the heat exchanger includes forming a turbulating insert, removing a portion of the turbulating insert to create a cavity within the turbulating insert, placing the remaining turbulating insert into a stamped first plate, and placing the removed portion of the turbulating insert into the cavity at a non-zero angle of rotation relative to the remaining turbulating insert.