A method can include modeling a webpage as a random field. The random field can include an undirected graph including two or more nodes and one or more edges. A goodness function can be associated with one or more webpage elements. Each edge of the one or more edges can include a compatibility function based at least in part on the one or more goodness functions of two different nodes of the two or more nodes. The method also can include determining a probability of the webpage having exceeded a predetermined threshold based at least in part on one or more of the compatibility functions of the one or more edges. Other embodiments are disclosed.