Provided are a method and apparatus for encoding or decoding a 360-degree image. An image decoding method and apparatus according to an embodiment include: obtaining image data from a bitstream; decoding a first region of a projection image corresponding to a non-clipping region of a 360-degree image from the image data; obtaining information about a clipping region of the 360-degree image from the bitstream; determining a second region of the projection image, based on the information about the clipping region; and converting the projection image including the first region and the second region into the 360-degree image.