A preparation system and preparation method for a gel composite material. Periodic impregnation can be performed and the gel composite material product performed gelation can be rewound and recycled; specifically, during the process that the movable impregnation mechanism moves from the front end to the rear end of the impregnation platform, a first unwinding device can be controlled to lay a reinforcing body to be impregnated on a worktable, the impregnation device can be controlled to guide the prefabricated sol onto the reinforcing body to be impregnated, and a second unwinding device can be controlled to cover a covering carrier on an upper surface of the impregnated reinforcing body; when the movable impregnation mechanism moves to the rear end of the impregnation platform, the first unwinding device, the impregnation device, and the second unwinding device can be controlled to stop.