The present invention relates to a multilayer structure including a base (X) and a layer (Y), wherein the layer (Y) includes an aluminum-containing compound (A) and a phosphorus compound (BH) in which a phosphorus atom having at least one hydroxy group and a polar group are bonded via an alkylene chain having 3 to 20 carbon atoms or a polyoxyalkylene chain based on an alkylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and the aluminum-containing compound (A) is a compound (Ab) including a reaction product (D) of an aluminum-containing metal oxide (Aa) and an inorganic phosphorus compound (BI).