A showerhead for vacuum deposition of several species, the showerhead being divided into several quarters containing each at least one outlet for the species, each of the quarter defining the wall of an underlying compartment containing at least one species, wherein two adjacent compartments contains different species. A process for vacuum deposition of one or more species onto a substrate, including providing a substrate for thin film growth in a growth chamber, providing two or more species to be effused towards the substrate, effusing the two or more species towards the substrate with line of sight propagation and in high vacuum conditions, and obtaining a thin film with gradients of chemical elements composition, morphology or crystalline phase.