An exemplary three-dimensional (3D) simulation system accesses a two-dimensional (2D) video image captured by a video capture device and that depicts a bounded real-world scene and a real-world object present within the bounded real-world scene. The 3D simulation system accesses respective 3D models of the bounded real-world scene and the real-world object. Based on the 2D video image, the 3D simulation system tracks a spatial characteristic of the real-world object relative to the bounded real-world scene. Based on the tracked spatial characteristic of the real-world object and the 3D models of the bounded real-world scene and the real-world object, the 3D simulation system generates a 3D simulation of the bounded real-world scene within which the real-world object is simulated in accordance with the tracked spatial characteristic of the real-world object. Corresponding methods and systems are also disclosed.