A GPU virtualization method based on a container comprises the steps of: transmitting, if the container is created, a configuration file including GPU resource constraint information and an API profile to the container, by a node controller; and implementing a virtual GPU, when the container is executed, by intercepting a library call and changing an argument related to a GPU resource amount by a library controller provided in the container, and by intercepting a system call and changing argument and return values by a system call controller.