A method and vehicle test stand comprising at least one actuator for moving the vehicle in a longitudinal direction. During the test, a rotational movement which is carried out by a wheel or a powertrain of the vehicle is measured in real time, a longitudinal acceleration corresponding to the measured rotational movement is ascertained, and the at least one actuator is actuated based on the ascertained longitudinal acceleration. In at least one example, the vehicle may be connected to an acceleration sensor, an acceleration signal of the acceleration sensor is detected during the test and a low-frequency longitudinal acceleration component is calculated based on the ascertained longitudinal acceleration and a position control loop for controlling the actuator, and the vehicle longitudinal acceleration is ascertained based on the detected acceleration signal and the calculated low-frequency longitudinal acceleration component.