The present invention discloses a transcranial brain atlas generation method, and discloses a group application oriented transcranial brain atlas prediction method and a corresponding transcranial brain atlas prediction apparatus. The transcranial brain atlas generation method includes the following steps: creating a cranial surface coordinate system at an individual level; establishing a transcranial mapping system used to connect a cranial location and a brain location; and constructing a transcranial brain atlas by using a two-step stochastic process in a Markov chain. According to the transcranial brain atlas provided in the present invention, invisible intracerebral atlas label information is projected onto a visible scalp, so that a researcher or a doctor may “directly” use these pieces of brain structure information and function atlas information, thereby greatly improving the function of the brain atlas during use of a transcranial brain mapping technology.