An electronic device may include an optical image sensor that includes an array of optical image sensing pixels and a pin hole array mask layer above the optical image sensor and that includes spaced apart pin holes therein defining spaced apart image areas on the optical image sensor. The electronic device also includes a display layer above the pin hole array mask layer that includes spaced apart display pixels. The electronic device may also include processing circuitry coupled to the optical image sensor and capable of sensing images from spaced apart sub-arrays of the array of optical image sensing pixels aligned with the spaced apart image areas.