The system for collecting and analyzing data relating to safety and comfort criteria of an aircraft comprises an acquisition unit for acquiring basic aircraft information before a flight of the aircraft and values of flight parameters during the flight, the basic information and the flight parameter values forming a first set of digital data, a measurement unit for measuring values of environmental parameters during the flight and for storing, in a suitable digital format, a second set of digital data representative of the environmental parameter values, an analysis unit for analyzing the first and second sets of digital data, and radio communication systems for transmitting sets of digital data between the different units, the system allowing for a rapid collection and analysis of the digital data.