A fast blind plate switching device, comprising a sealing structure, a clamping structure, a support structure and an execution mechanism. The blind plate has an open-state structure and a blind-state structure. The support structure is used for connecting pipelines at two sides and providing support for the whole device. The clamping structure and the sealing structure are located inside the support structure. The clamping structure is driven by the execution mechanism, and under the drive of the execution mechanism, the clamping structure presses on the blind plate (1) to eliminate a gap between two sides of the blind plate, so that a seal is formed by means of the sealing structure. When a gap is formed away from the blind plate (1), the open/blind state of the blind plate (1) is switched.