The disclosure provides a feature compression algorithm based on neural network, including the following steps: S1, image data preparation: collecting facial images, and uniformly performing map processing to the facial images collected; S2, feature data acquisition: delivering the facial images processed into a face recognition system for face detection and feature extraction, and saving facial feature data; S3, setting up a neural network model; S4, model iteration training; S5, storing a parameter model; and S6, feature compression. The feature compression algorithm based on neural network of the disclosure can not only achieve compression of original feature data, but also retain its original semantic feature, which belongs to a higher-dimensional feature abstraction. The compressed feature data can be directly used.