Sample traceability device and method for medical research and/or diagnosis. The invention relates to a sample traceability device for medical research and/or diagnosis, comprising a one-dimensional or two-dimensional optical code, the device comprising a system for reading one-dimensional or two-dimensional optical codes and a sample tracing control device comprising a sample tracing database manager, and a user interface screen. Said traceability device also comprises: an area for depositing at least two samples, a system for illuminating the deposit area, at least one digital camera oriented towards said deposit area, and a device for processing the image, said image processing device comprising: a module for locating said optical codes, and a module for reading the located optical codes, the sample tracing control device automatically receiving the information generated by the module for reading the located optical codes.