An approach is provided for storing and retrieving map data using contextual information priors. The approach involves, for example, processing contextual information to determine a restricted range of location information relevant to at least one query. The approach also involves processing sensor data received from at least one sensor, the sensor data collected at at least one query location, to determine semantic information. The approach further involves filtering the map data based, at least in part, on the restricted range of location information relevant to the at least one query, the semantic information, or a combination thereof.