This application describes a network device, a controller, a queue management method, and a traffic management chip. The method may be applied to a traffic management chip that uses an HQoS technology, and can include receiving a queue management instruction sent by a controller, where the queue management instruction includes an identifier of a first scheduler and an identifier of a first queue, and the first scheduler is one of multiple first-level schedulers. The method may also include controlling, according to the queue management instruction, scheduling of the first queue by the first scheduler, where a queue scheduled by the first scheduler belongs to a queue resource pool of the TM chip, and the queue resource pool includes at least one to-be-allocated queue. In this application, decoupling between queue allocation and the first-level schedulers is implemented, flexibility of queue allocation is improved, and utilization of queue resources is improved.