Provided is a method of producing a carbon fiber, the method including: a) adding an acrylonitrile-based polymer solution to a solution containing a glycol-based compound having a boiling point of 180 to 210° C. to precipitate an acrylonitrile-based polymer; b) melt spinning the acrylonitrile-based polymer to obtain a spun fiber; and c) performing stabilization and carbonization on the spun fiber to obtain a carbon fiber.