Disclosed are a compressor control system and an air conditioner for wide-range temperature adjustment. The control system includes a power supply, a compressor, a main board, and a first temperature sensor. The power supply is configured to generate a power input voltage. A power voltage input circuit is disposed between the compressor and the power supply. The main board is electrically connected to the power voltage input circuit. During operation, the main board is configured to control connection and disconnection of the power voltage input circuit. The first temperature sensor is configured to detect an indoor temperature, the first temperature sensor is electrically connected to the main board and transmits an electrical signal to the main board, and the first temperature sensor is electrically connected to a first fixed-value resistor.