A neural network data processing apparatus includes: an instruction parsing module, configured to split a DMA task into multiple subtasks and acquire configuration information of a data sub-block corresponding to each subtask, where the subtasks are in a one-to-one correspondence with data sub-blocks of transported neural network data; a data reading module, configured to read a first data sub-block according to the configuration information, where the first data sub-block is a data sub-block among data sub-blocks corresponding to multiple subtasks; a data processing module, configured to compress the first data sub-block; a data write-out module, configured to output compressed data resulting from the compression of the first data sub-block.