An apparatus comprises at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory. The at least one processing device is configured to receive a write command at a control module of a storage system, wherein the write command comprises a write operation configured to cause one or more data pages in a page buffer associated with the control module to be overwritten with incoming data. The at least one processing device is also configured to invalidate the one or more overwritten data pages in the page buffer after committing the write operation. The at least one processing device is further configured to release the one or more invalidated data pages in the page buffer to a page buffer pool associated with the control module, wherein the page buffer pool manages available data pages in the page buffer.