Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for blockchain-based consensus management, are provided. One of the methods includes: obtaining a request for creating a consensus template, wherein the request comprises information about a plurality of participating entities associated with the consensus template; generating, based on the request, a dataset representing a hierarchical structure of the participating entities associated with the consensus template; creating a blockchain transaction for registering the consensus template to a blockchain, wherein the blockchain transaction comprises the dataset representing the hierarchical structure of the participating entities; and sending, to one or more blockchain nodes associated with the blockchain for adding to the blockchain, the blockchain transaction for registering the consensus template to the blockchain.