A rechargeable lithium battery includes a positive electrode including a positive current collector and a positive active mass layer on the positive current collector, the positive active mass layer including a positive active material; a negative electrode including a negative current collector and a negative active mass layer on the negative current collector, the negative active mass layer including a negative active material; and an electrolyte, wherein Equation 1 is satisfied: 0.3≤A/B≤2.5  Equation 1 wherein, in Equation 1, A satisfies Equation 2, and B satisfies Equation 3: 0.01≤active mass density (g/cc) of the positive active mass layer/thickness (μm) of the positive electrode≤0.1  Equation 2 0.01≤active mass density (g/cc) of the negative active mass layer/thickness (μm) of the negative electrode≤0.05  Equation 3.