The present disclosure relates to signal processing methods and apparatus. One example method includes determining a first sequence {x(n)} based on a preset condition and a sequence {s(n)}, generating a reference signal of a first signal by using the first sequence, and sending the reference signal on a first frequency-domain resource. The preset condition is xn=y(n+M)mod K, where y n = A · e j × π × s n 8 , M∈{0, 1, 2, . . . , 5}, a length of the first sequence is K=6, n=0, 1, . . . , K−1, A is a non-zero complex number, and j=√{square root over (−1)}. The first signal is a signal modulated by using π/2 binary phase shift keying (BPSK). The first frequency-domain resource comprises K subcarriers each having a subcarrier number of k, k=u+L*n+delta, L is an integer greater than or equal to 2, delta∈{0, 1, . . . , L−1}, u is an integer, and subcarrier numbers of the K subcarriers are numbered in ascending or descending order of frequencies.