Disclosed are an information transmission method and terminal for: determining from a base station that a beam mismatch has occurred; transmitting a terminal-specifically allocated RACH preamble to the base station in order to transmit beam-related information indicating that the beam mismatch to the base station; receiving, from the base station, a message (for example, RACH response) for requesting transmission of the beam-related information; and transmitting uplink control information including the beam-related information to the base station.