Disclosed is a method for dissociating different constituents of a heterogeneous artificial material, including the fragmentation of the material in a fragmentation machine by material-bed compression, the machine including at least one vibrator and a system for controlling at least one parameter of the fragmentation force from the speed of rotation of the vibrator and the phase shift angle between at least two vibrators. The control system adjusts a rotation parameter of the vibrators so as to generate a fragmentation force by the machine allowing to at least partially dissociate at least one of the constituents of the material from the other constituents.