An autonomous treatment unit (10, 200) for treating at least a plurality of patients by hemodialysis. The unit being an individual construction comprising at least one care room equipped with a dialysis generator to prepare treatment solutions of at least one of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride with hemodialysis water for each individual patient. The treatment unit is a housing structure grouping of a plurality of elementary modules built substantially in a same way, juxtaposed and arranged internally, individually or in a combination, to form a first group of service rooms (210) assigned for hemodialysis treatment of patients, reception of patients, administrative follow-up of patients and medical follow-up of patients. A second group of rooms (250) for preparation and storage of the concentrates, the fluids used in the care rooms and/or the reprocessing and/or disposal of the residual and effluents generated treatments generated by the treatment.