The present disclosure provides methods, apparatuses, and storage media for storing and loading visual localization maps. The methods for storing the visual localization maps may include acquiring a visual localization map; extracting key frame abstract information of each key frame from the visual localization map; grouping the key frame abstract information of all key frames of the visual localization map; for each group, generating and storing a sub-map-file of the group using the key frame abstract information of the group; generating key frame space index information based on the key frame abstract information of all groups; and generating and storing a master map file according to the key frame space index information for indexing the sub-map-file.