In the rechargeable battery with USB charging function, a cathode end of the battery body passes through the housing body and extends outside the housing body. One end of the circuit board is provided with an anode charging contact sheet, an anode discharging contact sheet and a ground contact sheet. Both the anode charging contact sheet and the anode discharging contact sheet are connected with an anode of the battery body. The anode charging contact sheet is connected with an anode pin of the male USB connector and the ground contact sheet is connected with a ground pin of the male USB connector when the male USB connector is inserted into a female USB connector; and the battery cover is provided with a conductive sheet which is electronically connected with the anode discharging contact sheet when the battery cover is connected with USB charging function.