Provided is a canola variety designated 17GN0586R and seed, plants and plant parts thereof produced from a cross of inbred varieties. Methods for producing a canola variety comprise crossing canola variety 17GN0586R with another canola plant. Methods for producing a canola plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into 17GN0586R through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the canola seed, plant and plant part produced thereby are described. Canola variety 17GN0586R, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, plant parts and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of canola variety 17GN0586R are disclosed.