A bearing structure includes a drive shaft that extends in a horizontal direction, a touchdown bearing, and a bearing housing. The drive shaft is supported by a magnetic bearing. The touchdown bearing includes a rolling member interposed between an outer ring and an inner ring. The bearing housing supports the touchdown bearing from an outer periphery. At least one of an outer peripheral surface of the drive shaft, an inner peripheral surface of the inner ring, an outer peripheral surface of the outer ring, and an inner peripheral surface of the bearing housing includes a recess in a region overlapping the rolling member in a bearing radial direction.