The present disclosure is related to a detection apparatus. The detection apparatus may include a gate insulating layer. The gate insulating layer may include at least a first layer and a second layer opposite the first layer. A plurality of protruding structures may be provided on a surface of the first layer facing the second layer and/or a surface of the second layer facing the first layer. The first layer and the second layer of the gate insulating layer may be connected through the protruding structures.