An air electrode includes a current collector, a catalyst layer, and a water repellent membrane provided in this order. The catalyst layer has a first face in contact with either one of the current collector and the water repellent membrane, a second face in contact with either other of the current collector or the water repellent membrane, and a plurality of through holes, through which the first face and the second face communicate with each other. The through holes each have a constriction with an inner diameter smaller than either of an opening diameter in the first face and an opening diameter in the second face.